Author(s): Dr. MS Dudhare and Naresh Jayewar

Abstract: Plant tissue culture refers to growing and multiplication of cells, tissues and organs of plants on defined solid or liquid media under aseptic and controlled environment. The commercial technology is primarily based on micropropagation, in which rapid proliferation is achieved from tiny stem cuttings, auxiliary buds, and to a limited extent from somatic embryos, cell clumps in suspension cultures and bioreactors. The cultured cells and tissue can take several pathways. The pathways that lead to the production of true-to-type plants in large numbers are the preferred ones for commercial multiplication. The process of micropropagation is usually divided into several stages i.e., pre-propagation, initiation of explants, subculture of explants for proliferation, shooting and rooting, and hardening. These stages are universally applicable in large-scale multiplication of plants. The delivery of hardened small micro-propagated plants to growers and market also requires extra care.The plant tissue culture technology have great potential in agriculture sector for mass propagation of elite, high yielding and disease free plants throughout the year, A number of companies have been established supported by public sector institutions for perfecting protocols of important plant species. Tissue-culture techniques are part of a large group of strategies and technologies, ranging through molecular genetics, recombinant DNA studies, genome characterization, gene-transfer techniques, aseptic growth of cells, tissues, organs and in vitro regeneration of plants that are considered to be plant biotechnologies. The use of the term biotechnology has become widespread recently but, in its most restricted sense, it refers to the molecular techniques used to modify the genetic composition of a host plant, i.e. genetic engineering.

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