P-ISSN: 2788-9289, E-ISSN: 2788-9297
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2024, Vol. 4, Issue 2, Part B

Climate change and agricultural productivity: An in-depth review of impacts, adaptation strategies, and policy implications


Author(s): Matala Bhupathi Rayalu

Abstract: Climate change represents one of the most significant challenges facing global agriculture in the 21st century, with far-reaching impacts on agricultural productivity, food security, and rural livelihoods. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted effects of climate change on agriculture, detailing how rising temperatures, shifting precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events influence crop and livestock production. The review synthesizes current research on the direct and indirect impacts of climate change, highlighting key vulnerabilities and the varying degrees of risk across different regions and agricultural systems.The review begins by examining the influence of climate change on crop yields. Higher temperatures have been shown to adversely affect the growth cycles of major staple crops such as wheat, rice, and maize, reducing their yields. Heat stress during critical phases like flowering and grain filling, combined with shifts in precipitation patterns leading to more frequent droughts and floods, exacerbates these yield reductions. Furthermore, the review discusses how extreme weather events such as hurricanes and cyclones contribute to immediate and severe disruptions in crop production, affecting planting and harvesting schedules and increasing post-harvest losses.In addition to the direct impacts on crops, the review also considers the effects on livestock production. Rising temperatures and heat stress negatively impact animal health, feed intake, growth rates, milk production, and reproductive performance. The review highlights the compounded challenges faced by livestock producers; including changes in the availability and quality of forage and water resources, which further strain production systems.The review then transitions to a discussion of adaptation strategies that can mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on agriculture. Key strategies include the development of climate-resilient crop varieties that can withstand heat, drought, and flooding; the implementation of improved irrigation practices such as drip irrigation and deficit irrigation to optimize water use; and the diversification of cropping systems to enhance resilience and soil health. Integrated pest management practices are also emphasized as critical for managing pests and diseases that are exacerbated by changing climate conditions. Soil management practices, including conservation tillage and cover cropping, play a vital role in maintaining soil health and enhancing agricultural productivity.Policy implications are a central focus of the review, emphasizing the need for supportive policy frameworks and investments to facilitate adaptation. Increased funding for agricultural research and development is essential for creating and disseminating innovative technologies and practices. Strengthening agricultural extension services to provide farmers with timely information and training is crucial for enabling effective adaptation. Financial mechanisms such as subsidies, grants, and insurance schemes can help farmers manage climate-related risks and losses. The review underscores the importance of integrating climate considerations into national agricultural policies and fostering international cooperation to address the global nature of climate change.Overall, the review highlights the urgency of implementing comprehensive adaptation strategies and supportive policies to build a resilient agricultural system capable of withstanding the impacts of climate change. By addressing the challenges posed by climate change and investing in adaptation measures, we can work towards ensuring food security and sustainable agricultural development for future generations.

DOI: 10.22271/27889289.2024.v4.i2b.148

Pages: 94-100 | Views: 370 | Downloads: 210

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South Asian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
How to cite this article:
Matala Bhupathi Rayalu. Climate change and agricultural productivity: An in-depth review of impacts, adaptation strategies, and policy implications. South Asian J Agric Sci 2024;4(2):94-100. DOI: 10.22271/27889289.2024.v4.i2b.148
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