Author(s): Wisam Mohammed Abd, Layth Joudah Kareem Aldaini and Mazin Fadhil Khudhair

Abstract: Heavy metal contamination in soil poses a significant global environmental challenge, threatening biodiversity and the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems. Recent studies have shown that soil microbial communities have evolved complex and multifaceted strategies to tolerate and immobilize heavy metals, enhancing their adaptability in contaminated environments. These strategies include biochemical interactions, metabolic transformation of metals, and activation of metal resistance genes that reduce metal toxicity through processes such as reduction, complexation, and immobilization. Furthermore, surrounding environmental conditions like pH and temperature play a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency of these microbial communities in soil remediation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in understanding microbial heavy metal tolerance in soils, with an emphasis on practical applications in bioremediation and sustainable technologies for contaminated land management.

DOI: 10.22271/27889289.2025.v5.i2c.212

Pages: 225-231 | Views: 503 | Downloads: 220

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